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MySQL 是当下最流行的可免费使用的关系型数据库系统，Docker 安装 MySQL 有两种方法
我们以当前最新的版本 8.0.11 安装为例
1. docker pull mysql
这种方法非常适合只需要使用 MySQL 的开发者
1、 查找 Docker Hub 上的 mysql 镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION OFFICIAL
mysql widely used, open-source... [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a ... [OK]
...
有很多版本，我们选择官方的 `mysql`
2、 拉取官方的镜像,标签为 8.0.11
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:8.0.11
8.0.11: Pulling from library/mysql
3、 稍等片刻，就能在本地镜像列表里看到 8.0.11 了
[root@localhost ~]# docker images mysql
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 8.0.11 a8a59477268d 3 weeks ago 444.8 MB
2. 通过 Dockerfile 构建 MySQL
这种方式类似于自己编译安装，既可以不污染环境，又能学习如何编译安装 MySQL
1、 先创建目录 mysql , 用于存放后面的相关东西
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p ~/mysql/data ~/mysql/logs ~/mysql/conf
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left">目录</th>
<th align="left">说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left">data</td>
<td align="left">该目录将映射为 mysql 容器配置的数据文件存放路径</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">logs</td>
<td align="left">该目录将映射为 mysql 容器的日志目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">conf</td>
<td align="left">该目录里的配置文件将映射为 mysql 容器的配置文件</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
2、 进入创建的 mysql 目录，创建 conf/my.cnf 文件
[root@localhost ~] cd mysql
[root@localhost mysql] vi conf/my.cnf
然后输入以下内容
[mysqld]
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
secure-file-priv= NULL
symbolic-links=0
# Custom config should go here
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
3、 创建 docker-entrypoint.sh 文件
[root@localhost mysql]# touch docker-entrypoint.sh
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod +x docker-entrypoint.sh
[root@localhost mysql]# vi docker-entrypoint.sh
然后复制以下内容
# !/bin/bash
# 删除第一行 # ! 之间的空格
set -eo pipefail
shopt -s nullglob
# if command starts with an option, prepend mysqld
if [ "${1:0:1}" = '-' ]; then
set -- mysqld "$@"
fi
# skip setup if they want an option that stops mysqld
wantHelp=
for arg; do
case "$arg" in
-'?'|--help|--print-defaults|-V|--version)
wantHelp=1
break
;;
esac
done
# usage: file_env VAR [DEFAULT]
# ie: file_env 'XYZ_DB_PASSWORD' 'example'
# (will allow for "$XYZ_DB_PASSWORD_FILE" to fill in the value of
# "$XYZ_DB_PASSWORD" from a file, especially for Docker's secrets feature)
file_env() {
local var="$1"
local fileVar="${var}_FILE"
local def="${2:-}"
if [ "${!var:-}" ] && [ "${!fileVar:-}" ]; then
echo >&2 "error: both $var and $fileVar are set (but are exclusive)"
exit 1
fi
local val="$def"
if [ "${!var:-}" ]; then
val="${!var}"
elif [ "${!fileVar:-}" ]; then
val="$(< "${!fileVar}")"
fi
export "$var"="$val"
unset "$fileVar"
}
# usage: process_init_file FILENAME MYSQLCOMMAND...
# ie: process_init_file foo.sh mysql -uroot
# (process a single initializer file, based on its extension. we define this
# function here, so that initializer scripts (*.sh) can use the same logic,
# potentially recursively, or override the logic used in subsequent calls)
process_init_file() {
local f="$1"; shift
local mysql=( "$@" )
case "$f" in
*.sh) echo "$0: running $f"; . "$f" ;;
*.sql) echo "$0: running $f"; "${mysql[@]}" < "$f"; echo ;;
*.sql.gz) echo "$0: running $f"; gunzip -c "$f" | "${mysql[@]}"; echo ;;
*) echo "$0: ignoring $f" ;;
esac
echo
}
_check_config() {
toRun=( "$@" --verbose --help )
if ! errors="$("${toRun[@]}" 2>&1 >/dev/null)"; then
cat >&2 <<-EOM
ERROR: mysqld failed while attempting to check config
command was: "${toRun[*]}"
$errors
EOM
exit 1
fi
}
# Fetch value from server config
# We use mysqld --verbose --help instead of my_print_defaults because the
# latter only show values present in config files, and not server defaults
_get_config() {
local conf="$1"; shift
"$@" --verbose --help --log-bin-index="$(mktemp -u)" 2>/dev/null \
| awk '$1 == "'"$conf"'" && /^[^ \t]/ { sub(/^[^ \t]+[ \t]+/, ""); print; exit }'
# match "datadir /some/path with/spaces in/it here" but not "--xyz=abc\n datadir (xyz)"
}
# allow the container to be started with `--user`
if [ "$1" = 'mysqld' -a -z "$wantHelp" -a "$(id -u)" = '0' ]; then
_check_config "$@"
DATADIR="$(_get_config 'datadir' "$@")"
mkdir -p "$DATADIR"
chown -R mysql:mysql "$DATADIR"
exec gosu mysql "$BASH_SOURCE" "$@"
fi
if [ "$1" = 'mysqld' -a -z "$wantHelp" ]; then
# still need to check config, container may have started with --user
_check_config "$@"
# Get config
DATADIR="$(_get_config 'datadir' "$@")"
if [ ! -d "$DATADIR/mysql" ]; then
file_env 'MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD'
if [ -z "$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD" -a -z "$MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD" -a -z "$MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD" ]; then
echo >&2 'error: database is uninitialized and password option is not specified '
echo >&2 ' You need to specify one of MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD, MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD and MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD'
exit 1
fi
mkdir -p "$DATADIR"
echo 'Initializing database'
"$@" --initialize-insecure
echo 'Database initialized'
if command -v mysql_ssl_rsa_setup > /dev/null && [ ! -e "$DATADIR/server-key.pem" ]; then
# https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server/blob/23032807537d8dd8ee4ec1c4d40f0633cd4e12f9/packaging/deb-in/extra/mysql-systemd-start#L81-L84
echo 'Initializing certificates'
mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir="$DATADIR"
echo 'Certificates initialized'
fi
SOCKET="$(_get_config 'socket' "$@")"
"$@" --skip-networking --socket="${SOCKET}" &
pid="$!"
mysql=( mysql --protocol=socket -uroot -hlocalhost --socket="${SOCKET}" )
for i in {30..0}; do
if echo 'SELECT 1' | "${mysql[@]}" &> /dev/null; then
break
fi
echo 'MySQL init process in progress...'
sleep 1
done
if [ "$i" = 0 ]; then
echo >&2 'MySQL init process failed.'
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "$MYSQL_INITDB_SKIP_TZINFO" ]; then
# sed is for https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=20545
mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo | sed 's/Local time zone must be set--see zic manual page/FCTY/' | "${mysql[@]}" mysql
fi
if [ ! -z "$MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD" ]; then
export MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="$(pwgen -1 32)"
echo "GENERATED ROOT PASSWORD: $MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"
fi
rootCreate=
# default root to listen for connections from anywhere
file_env 'MYSQL_ROOT_HOST' '%'
if [ ! -z "$MYSQL_ROOT_HOST" -a "$MYSQL_ROOT_HOST" != 'localhost' ]; then
# no, we don't care if read finds a terminating character in this heredoc
# https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/265149/why-is-set-o-errexit-breaking-this-read-heredoc-expression/265151#265151
read -r -d '' rootCreate <<-EOSQL || true
CREATE USER 'root'@'${MYSQL_ROOT_HOST}' IDENTIFIED BY '${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}' ;
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'${MYSQL_ROOT_HOST}' WITH GRANT OPTION ;
EOSQL
fi
"${mysql[@]}" <<-EOSQL
-- What's done in this file shouldn't be replicated
-- or products like mysql-fabric won't work
SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN=0;
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}' ;
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION ;
${rootCreate}
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS test ;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;
EOSQL
if [ ! -z "$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD" ]; then
mysql+=( -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" )
fi
file_env 'MYSQL_DATABASE'
if [ "$MYSQL_DATABASE" ]; then
echo "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS \`$MYSQL_DATABASE\` ;" | "${mysql[@]}"
mysql+=( "$MYSQL_DATABASE" )
fi
file_env 'MYSQL_USER'
file_env 'MYSQL_PASSWORD'
if [ "$MYSQL_USER" -a "$MYSQL_PASSWORD" ]; then
echo "CREATE USER '$MYSQL_USER'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '$MYSQL_PASSWORD' ;" | "${mysql[@]}"
if [ "$MYSQL_DATABASE" ]; then
echo "GRANT ALL ON \`$MYSQL_DATABASE\`.* TO '$MYSQL_USER'@'%' ;" | "${mysql[@]}"
fi
echo 'FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;' | "${mysql[@]}"
fi
echo
for f in /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*; do
process_init_file "$f" "${mysql[@]}"
done
if [ ! -z "$MYSQL_ONETIME_PASSWORD" ]; then
"${mysql[@]}" <<-EOSQL
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' PASSWORD EXPIRE;
EOSQL
fi
if ! kill -s TERM "$pid" || ! wait "$pid"; then
echo >&2 'MySQL init process failed.'
exit 1
fi
echo
echo 'MySQL init process done. Ready for start up.'
echo
fi
fi
exec "$@"
4、 创建 Dockerfile
[root@localhost ~]# vi Dockerfile
然后输入以下内容
FROM debian:stretch-slim
# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get added
RUN groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql mysql
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends gnupg dirmngr && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# add gosu for easy step-down from root
ENV GOSU_VERSION 1.7
RUN set -x \
&& apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates wget && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
&& wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$(dpkg --print-architecture)" \
&& chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu \
&& gosu nobody true \
&& apt-get purge -y --auto-remove ca-certificates wget
RUN mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
# for MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
pwgen \
# for mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
openssl \
# FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db:
# File::Basename
# File::Copy
# Sys::Hostname
# Data::Dumper
perl \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
ENV MYSQL_MAJOR 8.0
ENV MYSQL_VERSION 8.0.11-1debian9
RUN echo "deb http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian/ stretch mysql-${MYSQL_MAJOR}" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mysql.list
# the "/var/lib/mysql" stuff here is because the mysql-server postinst doesn't have an explicit way to disable the mysql_install_db codepath besides having a database already "configured" (ie, stuff in /var/lib/mysql/mysql)
# also, we set debconf keys to make APT a little quieter
RUN { \
echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/data-dir select ''; \
echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/root-pass password ''; \
echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/re-root-pass password ''; \
echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/remove-test-db select false; \
} | debconf-set-selections \
&& apt-get update && apt-get install -y mysql-community-client-core="${MYSQL_VERSION}" mysql-community-server-core="${MYSQL_VERSION}" --allow-unauthenticated && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \
&& chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \
# ensure that /var/run/mysqld (used for socket and lock files) is writable regardless of the UID our mysqld instance ends up having at runtime
&& chmod 777 /var/run/mysqld
VOLUME /var/lib/mysql
# Config files
COPY conf/ /etc/mysql/
COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
RUN ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh # backwards compat
ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]
EXPOSE 3306
CMD ["mysqld"]
5、 通过 Dockerfile 创建镜像 my-mysql:8.0.11
[root@localhost mysql]# docker build -t my-mysql:8.0.11 .
6、 稍等片刻，创建完成后，可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images my-mysql
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
my-mysql 8.0.11 e730da928e07 11 days ago 444 MB
运行 mysql 镜像
可以使用下面的命令运行 mysql 容器
[root@localhost mysql]# docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -v $PWD/logs:/logs -v $PWD/data:/mysql_data -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:8.0.11
4d53f278d7e1273c4b503e98d46cbb571fe0b496a141467ebf7dae9ee57baf59
参数说明
1、 -p 3306:3306
将容器的 `3306` 端口映射到主机的 `3306` 端口
2、 -v $PWD/logs:/logs
将主机当前目录下的 `logs` 目录挂载到容器的 `/logs`
3、 -v $PWD/data:/mysql_data
将主机当前目录下的 `data` 目录挂载到容器的 `/mysql_data`
4、 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 初始化 root 用户的密码
如果你想要定制 my.cnf 可以使用下面的参数挂载 my.cnf 文件
-v $PWD/conf/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf
查看容器启动情况
[root@localhost mysql] docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND ...
839d8e8585e8 my-mysql:8.0.11 "docker-entrypoint.sh" ...
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附录：Docker 教程：系列文章
- 一、Docker 基础教程
- 二、Docker 架构
- 三、Ubuntu 安装 Docker
- 四、CentOS Docker 安装
- 五、Windows 安装 Docker
- 六、Docker run 运行镜像
- 七、Docker 容器
- 八、Docker top 查看容器进程
- 九、Docker inspect 容器元数据
- 十、Docker start 启动容器
- 十一、Docker restart 重启容器
- 十二、Docker rm 删除已停止的容器
- 十三、Docker 命名容器
- 十四、Docker 容器运行 Web 应用
- 十五、Docker 端口映射
- 十六、Docker images 本地镜像列表
- 十七、Docker 查找镜像
- 十八、Docker commit 更新镜像
- 十九、Docker Dockerfile 创建镜像
- 二十、Docker build 构建镜像
- 二十一、Docker 镜像打标签
- 二十二、Docker 部署 Nginx 环境
- 二十三、Docker 部署 PHP 环境
- 【当前读到】二十四、Docker 安装 MySQL
- 二十五、Docker 安装 Tomcat
- 二十六、Docker 安装 Python
- 二十七、Docker 安装 Redis
- 二十八、Docker 安装 MongoDB
- 二十九、Docker 安装 Apache
- 三十、Docker 命令大全
