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Spring 源码解析(十六)准备创建bean

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本文结合《Spring源码深度解析》来分析Spring 5.0.6版本的源代码。若有描述错误之处,欢迎指正。

我们不可能指望在一个函数中完成一个复杂的逻辑,而且我们跟踪了这么多Spring代码, 经历了这么多函数,或多或少也发现了一些规律:一个真正干活的函数其实是以do开头的, 比如 doGetObjectFromFactoryBean;而给我们错觉的函数,比如 getObjectFromFactoryBean,其 实只是从全局角度去做些统筹的工作。这个规则对于 createBean也不例外,那么让我们看看在 createBean函数中做了哪些准备工作。

/**
 * Central method of this class: creates a bean instance,
 * populates the bean instance, applies post-processors, etc.
 * @see #doCreateBean
 */
@Override
protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
        throws BeanCreationException {

    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        logger.debug("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
    }
    RootBeanDefinition mbdToUse = mbd;

    // Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point, and
    // clone the bean definition in case of a dynamically resolved Class
    // which cannot be stored in the shared merged bean definition.
    // 锁定class,根据设置的class属性或者根据className来解析Class
    Class<?> resolvedClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
    if (resolvedClass != null && !mbd.hasBeanClass() && mbd.getBeanClassName() != null) {
        mbdToUse = new RootBeanDefinition(mbd);
        mbdToUse.setBeanClass(resolvedClass);
    }

    // Prepare method overrides.
    // 验证及准备覆盖的方法
    try {
        mbdToUse.prepareMethodOverrides();
    }
    catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
        throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(),
                beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex);
    }

    try {
        // Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the target bean instance.
        // 给BeanPostProcessors一个机会返回代理来替代真正的实例
        Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);
        if (bean != null) {
            return bean;
        }
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                "BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
    }

    try {
        Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
        }
        return beanInstance;
    }
    catch (BeanCreationException | ImplicitlyAppearedSingletonException ex) {
        // A previously detected exception with proper bean creation context already,
        // or illegal singleton state to be communicated up to DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.
        throw ex;
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        throw new BeanCreationException(
                mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Unexpected exception during bean creation", ex);
    }
}

从代码中我们可以总结出函数完成的具体步骤及功能。

(1)根据设置的class属性或者根据dassName来解析Class。

(2)对override属性进行标记及验证。

很多读者可能会不知道这个方法的作用,因为在Spring的配置里面根本就没有诸如 override-method之类的配置,那么这个方法到底是干什么用的呢?

其实在Spring中确实没有override-method这样的配置,但是如果读过前面的部分,可能会有所发现,在Spring配置中是存在lookup~method和replace-method的,而这两个配置的加载其实就是将配置统一存放在BeanDefinition中的methodOverrides属性里,而这个函数的操作其实也就是针对于这两个配置的。

(3)应用初始化前的后处理器,解析指定bean是否存在初始化前的短路操作。

(4)创建 bean。

我们首先査看下对override属性标记及验证的逻辑实现。

一、处理override属性

查看源码中 AbstractBeanDeflnition 类的 prepareMethodOverrides 方法:

/**
 * Validate and prepare the method overrides defined for this bean.
 * Checks for existence of a method with the specified name.
 * @throws BeanDefinitionValidationException in case of validation failure
 */
public void prepareMethodOverrides() throws BeanDefinitionValidationException {
    // Check that lookup methods exists.
    if (hasMethodOverrides()) {
        Set<MethodOverride> overrides = getMethodOverrides().getOverrides();
        synchronized (overrides) {
            for (MethodOverride mo : overrides) {
                prepareMethodOverride(mo);
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Validate and prepare the given method override.
 * Checks for existence of a method with the specified name,
 * marking it as not overloaded if none found.
 * @param mo the MethodOverride object to validate
 * @throws BeanDefinitionValidationException in case of validation failure
 */
protected void prepareMethodOverride(MethodOverride mo) throws BeanDefinitionValidationException {
    // 获取对应类中对应方法名的个数
    int count = ClassUtils.getMethodCountForName(getBeanClass(), mo.getMethodName());
    if (count == 0) {
        throw new BeanDefinitionValidationException(
                "Invalid method override: no method with name '" + mo.getMethodName() +
                "' on class [" + getBeanClassName() + "]");
    }
    else if (count == 1) {
        // Mark override as not overloaded, to avoid the overhead of arg type checking.
        // 标记MethodOverride暂未被覆盖,避免参数类型检查的开销
        mo.setOverloaded(false);
    }
}

通过以上两个函数的代码你能体会到它所要实现的功能吗?之前反复提到过,在Spring配置中存在lookup-method和replace-method两个配置功能,而这两个配置的加载其实就是将配置统一存放在BeanDefmition中的methodOverrides属性里,这两个功能实现原理其实是在bean实例化的时候如果检测到存在methodOverrides属性,会动态地为当前bean生成代理并使用对应的拦截器为bean做增强处理,相关逻辑实现在bean的实例化部分详细介绍。

但是,这里要提到的是,对于方法的匹配来讲,如果一个类中存在若干个重载方法,那么,在函数调用及增强的时候还需要根据参数类型进行匹配,来最终确认当前调用的到底是哪个函数。但是,Spring将一部分匹配工作在这里完成了,如果当前类中的方法只有一个,那么就设置该方法没有被重载,这样在后续调用的时候便可以直接使用找到的方法,而不需要进行方法的参数匹配验证了,而且还可以提前对方法存在性进行验证,正可谓一箭双雕。

二、实例化的前置处理

在真正调用doCreate方法创建bean的实例前使用了这样一个方法resolveBeforelnstantiation (bcanName, mbd)对BeanDefmigiton中的属性做些前置处理。当然,无论其中是否有相应的逻辑实现我们都可以理解,因为真正逻辑实现前后留有处理函数也是可扩展的一种体现,但是, 这并不是最重要的,在函数中还提供了一个短路判断,这才是最为关键的部分。

if (bean != null) {
    return bean;
}

当经过前置处理后返回的结果如果不为空,那么会直接略过后续的Bean的创建而直接返回结果。这一特性虽然很容易被忽略,但是却起着至关重要的作用,我们熟知的AOP功能就是基于这里的判断的。

/**
 * Apply before-instantiation post-processors, resolving whether there is a
 * before-instantiation shortcut for the specified bean.
 * @param beanName the name of the bean
 * @param mbd the bean definition for the bean
 * @return the shortcut-determined bean instance, or {@code null} if none
 */
@Nullable
protected Object resolveBeforeInstantiation(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
    Object bean = null;
    // 如果尚未被解析
    if (!Boolean.FALSE.equals(mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved)) {
        // Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.
        if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
            Class<?> targetType = determineTargetType(beanName, mbd);
            if (targetType != null) {
                bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation(targetType, beanName);
                if (bean != null) {
                    bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(bean, beanName);
                }
            }
        }
        mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved = (bean != null);
    }
    return bean;
}

此方法中最吸引我们的无疑是两个方法applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforelnstantiation以及 applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterlnitialization。两个方法实现的非常简单,无非是对后处理器中的所有InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 类型的后处理器进行 postProcessBeforelnstantiation 方 法和 BeanPostProcessor 的 postProcessAfterlnitialization 方法的调用。

1. 实例化前的后处理器应用

bean的实例化前调用,也就是将AbsractBeanDefinition转换为BeanWrapper前的处理。给子类一个修改BeanDefinition的机会,也就是说当程序经过这个方法后,bean可能已经不是我们认为的bean了,而是或许成为了一个经过处理的代理bean,可能是通过cglib生成的,也可能是通过其它技术生成的。这在第7章中会详细介绍,我们只需要知道,在bean的实例化前会调用后处理器的方法进行处理。

/**
 * Apply InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors to the specified bean definition
 * (by class and name), invoking their {@code postProcessBeforeInstantiation} methods.
 * <p>Any returned object will be used as the bean instead of actually instantiating
 * the target bean. A {@code null} return value from the post-processor will
 * result in the target bean being instantiated.
 * @param beanClass the class of the bean to be instantiated
 * @param beanName the name of the bean
 * @return the bean object to use instead of a default instance of the target bean, or {@code null}
 * @see InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessBeforeInstantiation
 */
@Nullable
protected Object applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) {
    for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
        if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
            InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
            Object result = ibp.postProcessBeforeInstantiation(beanClass, beanName);
            if (result != null) {
                return result;
            }
        }
    }
    return null;
}

2. 实例化后的后处理器应用

在讲解从缓存中获取单例bean的时候就提到过,Spring中的规则是在bean的初始化后尽可能保证将注册的后处理器的postProcessAfterInitialization方法应用到该bean中,因为如果返回的bean不为空,那么便不会再次经历普通bean的创建过程,所以只能在这里应用后处理器的postProcessAfterlnitialization方法。

@Override
public Object applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(Object existingBean, String beanName)
        throws BeansException {

    Object result = existingBean;
    for (BeanPostProcessor beanProcessor : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
        Object current = beanProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization(result, beanName);
        if (current == null) {
            return result;
        }
        result = current;
    }
    return result;
}

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