镜像命令
docker images
列出所有的镜像信息
- 帮助
[root@t32 ~]# docker images --help
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
--digests Show digests
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print images using a Go template
--help Print usage
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs
- 常用参数介绍
1、 -- filter:过滤器，目前支持以下过滤条件
* dangling悬空:为布尔类型，dangling镜像就是images命令中出现的，REPOSITORY 和 TAG 都显示为 的镜像。
* label (label= or label==)
* before (\[:\], ![80\_1.png][80_1.png] or [image@digest][image_digest]) 在给出的镜像之前创建的镜像
* since (\[:\], ![80\_2.png][80_2.png] or [image@digest][image_digest]) 在给出的镜像之后创建的镜像
* reference (pattern of an image reference) 正则表达式匹配
- 例子
### 批量删除dangling镜像
[root@t32 ~]# docker rmi $(docker images -q --filter "dangling=true" )
docker rmi
删除镜像
- 帮助
[root@t32 ~]# docker rmi --help
Usage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Remove one or more images
Options:
-f, --force Force removal of the image
--help Print usage
--no-prune Do not delete untagged parents
- 常用参数详解
- --force 强制删除
docker search
从docker hub中查找镜像
- 帮助
[root@t32 ~]# docker search --help
Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
Search the Docker Hub for images
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--help Print usage
--limit int Max number of search results (default 25)
--no-index Don't truncate output
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
- 常用参数详解
1、 --filter：当前支持的过滤器有：
* stars (int)：镜像在docker hub中的星数
* is-automated (boolean - true or false)：是否为自动化
* is-official (boolean - true or false) ：是否为官方
- 例子
[root@t32 ~]# docker search centos --filter stars=1000
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/centos The official build of CentOS. 5855 [OK]
docker tag
给现有的镜像重新打tag
- 帮助
[root@t32 ~]# docker tag --help
Usage: docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]
Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
Options:
--help Print usage
- 例子
[root@t32 ~]# docker tag docker.io/centos:latest docker.io/centos:test
[root@t32 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos latest 470671670cac 6 weeks ago 237 MB
docker.io/centos test 470671670cac 6 weeks ago 237 MB
docker history
显示镜像的历史，显示镜像每层的变更内容，可用于查看dockerfile的大体内容
- 帮助
[root@t32 ~]# docker history --help
Usage: docker history [OPTIONS] IMAGE
Show the history of an image
Options:
--help Print usage
-H, --human Print sizes and dates in human readable format (default true)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs
- 例子
[root@t32 ~]# docker history 470671670cac
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
470671670cac 6 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0 B
<missing> 6 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.... 0 B
<missing> 7 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:aa54047c80ba300... 237 MB
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@t32 ~]# docker history --no-trunc 470671670cac
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee 6 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0 B
<missing> 6 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.schema-version=1.0 org.label-schema.name=CentOS Base Image org.label-schema.vendor=CentOS org.label-schema.license=GPLv2 org.label-schema.build-date=20200114 org.opencontainers.image.title=CentOS Base Image org.opencontainers.image.vendor=CentOS org.opencontainers.image.licenses=GPL-2.0-only org.opencontainers.image.created=2020-01-14 00:00:00-08:00 0 B
<missing> 7 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:aa54047c80ba30064fe59adf4c978a929f38480be77af9ac644074bd5288ef18 in /
docker build
从Dockerfile中创建镜像。Dockerfile的具体编写可参考我的另外一篇文章：Docker专题—Dockerfile编写规范
- 帮助
[root@t32 ~]# docker build --help
Usage: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
Build an image from a Dockerfile
Options:
--build-arg list Set build-time variables (default [])
--cache-from stringSlice Images to consider as cache sources
--cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container
--compress Compress the build context using gzip
--cpu-period int Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
--cpu-quota int Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
-c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight)
--cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
-f, --file string Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile')
--force-rm Always remove intermediate containers
--help Print usage
--isolation string Container isolation technology
--label list Set metadata for an image (default [])
-m, --memory string Memory limit
--memory-swap string Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
--network string Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build (default "default")
--no-cache Do not use cache when building the image
--pull Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image
-q, --quiet Suppress the build output and print image ID on success
--rm Remove intermediate containers after a successful build (default true)
--security-opt stringSlice Security options
--shm-size string Size of /dev/shm, default value is 64MB
-t, --tag list Name and optionally a tag in the 'name:tag' format (default [])
--ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default [])
-v, --volume list Set build-time bind mounts (default [])
- 常用参数详解
- -t,–tag: 给打包的镜像命名
- --label: 设置镜像的标签，方便后期查找
- --no-cache：不使用cache,每一次创建都是从新开始
- 例子
[root@t32 docker]# docker build -t test:v1.0 --label test=v1.0 --no-cache .
## 省略中间构建过程
[root@t32 docker]# docker images --filter label=test=v1.0
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test v1.0 29dc1b36db54 22 seconds ago 641 MB
docker login/docker push /docker logout/docker pull
- docker login:登陆镜像仓库
- docker logout:退出奖项仓库
- docker push:上传本地镜像到仓库
- docker pull:从仓库中下载镜像 具体帮助文档可以使用
--help参数进行查看，参数相对简单，不再赘述。 - 例子
将以上build完成的镜像上传到私有镜像仓库（Harbor）,具体Harbor的使用和安装情况可参考我的另外一篇文章：Kubernetes专栏—Kubernetes与Harbor集成详解
[root@t32 docker]# docker tag test:v1.0 hub.xxx.io/zhangjx/test:v1.0
[root@t32 docker]# docker login hub.xxx.io
Username (admin): admin
Password:
Login Succeeded
[root@t32 docker]# docker push hub.xxx.io/zhangjx/test:v1.0
The push refers to a repository [hub.xxx.io/zhangjx/test]
46516138b103: Pushed
84ed16ce580f: Pushed
fc41e9edd657: Pushed
7c2460bb5175: Pushed
50137a667658: Pushed
bbb2ed441221: Pushed
5f240e131c4d: Pushed
528a545aaea3: Pushed
c25c5f41b31e: Pushed
ecfc116e3bdb: Pushed
de6df59c2c39: Pushed
475a4e226ad7: Pushed
e542bb3ae2b4: Pushed
e17e7b9510a0: Pushed
9ba309a8bd34: Pushed
cf47f2cd7a31: Pushed
e080cd3255f0: Pushed
5c4c0b386f1b: Pushed
ba9ec208ce9b: Pushed
v1.0: digest: sha256:1fa8f871ca5a5561780fc7d12add328bedce56936261e801bd97824ef036e89e size: 5141
[root@t32 docker]# docker rmi hub.xxx.io/zhangjx/test:v1.0
Untagged: hub.xxx.io/zhangjx/test:v1.0
Untagged: hub.xxx.io/zhangjx/test@sha256:1fa8f871ca5a5561780fc7d12add328bedce56936261e801bd97824ef036e89e
[root@t32 docker]# docker pull hub.xxx.io/zhangjx/test:v1.0
Trying to pull repository hub.xxx.io/zhangjx/test ...
sha256:1fa8f871ca5a5561780fc7d12add328bedce56936261e801bd97824ef036e89e: Pulling from hub.xxx.io/zhangjx/test
Digest: sha256:1fa8f871ca5a5561780fc7d12add328bedce56936261e801bd97824ef036e89e
Status: Downloaded newer image for hub.xxx.io/zhangjx/test:v1.0
[root@t32 docker]# docker logout
Not logged in to https://index.docker.io/v1/
[root@t32 docker]# docker logout hub.xxx.io
Removing login credentials for hub.xxx.io
[root@t32 docker]#
docker save/docker load
- docker save:将镜像保存在磁盘上
- docker load：将磁盘上的镜像文件导入到docker中 具体帮助文档可以使用
--help参数进行查看，参数相对简单，不再赘述。 - 例子
[root@t32 docker]# docker save test:v1.0 -o test#v1.0
[root@t32 docker]# ls -al test#v1.0
-rw-------. 1 root root 652762624 Mar 4 15:44 test#v1.0
[root@t32 docker]# docker rmi 29dc1b36db54 -f
Untagged: hub.xxx.io/zhangjx/test:v1.0
Untagged: test:v1.0
Deleted: sha256:29dc1b36db5422493bb9a5b88d76f67284c3c124366e8989a28593477ecce962
Deleted: sha256:aab1d54bc8cb5b4fbfa6824da33feae368414a0830cef140d2797578732baaca
Deleted: sha256:8a681fbd9074944ce6feb1f3af38ca1ff5232f53b53a3e94b22507bec59398ca
Deleted: sha256:ccb1b32a2925bb963f532fd8483f8406683cbfc99eb032bebd39f4a3b484c8d5
Deleted: sha256:246b59c0e12940986eec6488acb5c901b7e5467a3f84c2e3321a1d57af859e67
Deleted: sha256:ae85dc57914f8b71618ea5970cdad270ffae7550eed39b4bad9995fa1072fe98
Deleted: sha256:18f9e329b9b2101644709db72e30447786baa9b3c3860a0ace06a47b9e74d80e
Deleted: sha256:0924e9810301021428b91508699f77565f2d56ebf19e3529922641b5575b0479
Deleted: sha256:804f07b388f4cd1f3d74c9f07de1229e0b2e7dc5e8d5ba7c40dcfffe53dd3f23
Deleted: sha256:dc915ec6c3f75aea8a6b9afde023d473944c480658727a7cbd58539b5b8d78eb
Deleted: sha256:be09a9a1444af130fb77b004408cc98d50ceba4ac2c08df637b0bd977393f69b
Deleted: sha256:7ebcdcd05b4e701f5d7236987c948fffd19df962b270aa5f852f2e536e11efbf
Deleted: sha256:172e5f925adb622fb234b6c643f2d227f4d69a5ea21d33c43a80cf123e433cf6
Deleted: sha256:665ea71a411b4adcef48e49c386fb6b52e3a3c576209afdd4a190ad59b0f865c
Deleted: sha256:e0b6fbea45c0dbee67e337b66c7b485d8264d31f10c0cf6108335e1e3788e112
[root@t32 docker]# docker load -i test#v1.0
bbb2ed441221: Loading layer [==================================================>] 5.12 kB/5.12 kB
50137a667658: Loading layer [==================================================>] 2.56 kB/2.56 kB
7c2460bb5175: Loading layer [==================================================>] 368.9 MB/368.9 MB
fc41e9edd657: Loading layer [==================================================>] 289.3 kB/289.3 kB
84ed16ce580f: Loading layer [==================================================>] 2.92 MB/2.92 MB
46516138b103: Loading layer [==================================================>] 177.2 kB/177.2 kB
Loaded image: test:v1.0
docker commit
从运行的容器中创建一个新的镜像
- 帮助
[root@t32 ~]# docker commit --help
Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Create a new image from a container's changes
Options:
-a, --author string Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")
-c, --change list Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image (default [])
--help Print usage
-m, --message string Commit message
-p, --pause Pause container during commit (default true)
- 例子
[root@t32 ~]# docker run -itd --label test=one his_image_sharpen:latest bash
c4bf11b54dbfaa0b13528dcec7275970decf99f17f71584535cb989a99832111
[root@t32 ~]# docker commit -a zhangjx -m "commit new image" test:v2.0
Error response from daemon: No such container: test:v2.0
[root@t32 ~]# docker commit -a zhangjx -m "commit new image" c4bf11b54dbfaa test:v2.0
sha256:4796d9d2b9bd66578a77f71dd96cd5ae727436f11a6307767ee2cb604dc8674a
[root@t32 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test v2.0 4796d9d2b9bd 14 seconds ago 641 MB