在Win10上准备centos7
和大家说明一下，我们的目的仅仅是要安装一个centos7，然后在centos7上安装docker
如果搞不定vagrant+virtualbox的方式，也可以直接使用VM搭建一个centos7
或者你可以直接使用一台云服务器，上面安装了centos7
采坑指南：如果安装过程碰到一些问题，我特地给大家准备了一份手记，放在gper上
采用vagrant+virtual box
下载安装vagrant
01 访问Vagrant官网
https://www.vagrantup.com/
02 点击Download
Windows，MacOS，Linux等
03 选择对应的版本
04 傻瓜式安装
05 命令行输入vagrant，测试是否安装成功
下载安装virtual box
01 访问VirtualBox官网
https://www.virtualbox.org/
02 选择左侧的“Downloads”
03 选择对应的操作系统版本
04 傻瓜式安装
05 [win10中若出现]安装virtualbox快完成时立即回滚，并提示安装出现严重错误
(1)打开服务
(2)找到Device Install Service和Device Setup Manager，然后启动
(3)再次尝试安装
安装centos7
01 创建centos7文件夹，并进入其中[目录全路径不要有中文字符]
02 在此目录下打开cmd，运行vagrant init centos/7
此时会在当前目录下生成Vagrantfile，同时指定使用的镜像为centos/7，关键是这个镜像在哪里，我已经提前准备好了，名称是virtualbox.box文件
03 将virtualbox.box文件添加到vagrant管理的镜像中
(1)下载网盘中的virtualbox.box文件
(2)保存到磁盘的某个目录，比如D:\virtualbox.box
(3)添加镜像并起名叫centos/7：vagrant box add centos/7 D:\virtualbox.box
(4)vagrant box list 查看本地的box[这时候可以看到centos/7]
04 centos/7镜像有了，根据Vagrantfile文件启动创建虚拟机
来到centos7文件夹，在此目录打开cmd窗口，执行vagrant up[打开virtual box观察，可以发现centos7创建成功]
05 以后大家操作虚拟机，还是要在centos文件夹打开cmd窗口操作
vagrant halt 优雅关闭
vagrant up 正常启动
06 vagrant常用命令
(1)vagrant ssh
进入刚才创建的centos7中
(2)vagrant status
查看centos7的状态
(3)vagrant halt
停止/关闭centos7
(4)vagrant destroy
删除centos7
(5)vagrant status
查看当前vagrant创建的虚拟机
(6)Vagrantfile中也可以写脚本命令，使得centos7更加丰富
但是要注意，修改了Vagrantfile，要想使正常运行的centos7生效，必须使用vagrant reload
至此，使用vagrant+virtualbox搭建centos7完成，后面可以修改Vagrantfile对虚拟机进行相应配置
若想通过Xshell连接centos7
01 使用centos7的默认账号连接
在centos文件夹下执行vagrant ssh-config
关注:Hostname Port IdentityFile
IP:127.0.0.1
port:2222
用户名:vagrant
密码:vagrant
文件:Identityfile指向的文件private-key
02 使用root账户登录
vagrant ssh 进入到虚拟机中
sudo -i
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
修改PasswordAuthentication yes
passwd修改密码，比如abc123
systemctl restart sshd
使用账号root，密码abc123进行登录
Vagrantfile通用写法
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com.
# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
config.vm.box = "centos/7"
# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
# config.vm.box_check_update = false
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
# NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
# via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP.
# config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
# your network.
config.vm.network "public_network"
# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
# argument is a set of non-required options.
# config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
# Example for VirtualBox:
#
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# vb.memory = "1024"
# end
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.memory = "4000"
vb.name= "jack-centos7"
vb.cpus= 2
end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.
# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
# config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# apt-get update
# apt-get install -y apache2
# SHELL
end
box的打包分发
01 退出虚拟机
vagrant halt
02 打包
vagrant package --output first-docker-centos7.box
03 得到first-docker-centos7.box
04 将first-docker-centos7.box添加到其他的vagrant环境中
vagrant box add first-docker-centos7 first-docker-centos7.box
05 得到Vagrantfile
vagrant init first-docker-centos7
06 根据Vagrantfile启动虚拟机
vagrant up [此时可以得到和之前一模一样的环境，但是网络要重新配置]
安装docker
01 进入centos7
vagrant ssh
02 卸载之前的docker
sudo yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
03 安装必要的依赖
sudo yum install -y yum-utils \
device-mapper-persistent-data \
lvm2
04 设置docker仓库 [设置阿里云镜像仓库可以先自行百度，后面课程也会有自己的docker hub讲解]
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[访问这个地址，使用自己的阿里云账号登录，查看菜单栏左下角，发现有一个镜像加速器:https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors]
05 安装docker
sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
06 启动docker
sudo systemctl start docker
07 测试docker安装是否成功
sudo docker run hello-world
docker基本体验
01 创建tomcat容器
docker pull tomcat
docker run -d --name my-tomcat -p 9090:8080 tomcat
02 创建mysql容器
docker run -d --name my-mysql -p 3301:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=jack123 --privileged mysql
03 进入到容器里面
docker exec -it containerid /bin/bash
可能有的疑惑
(1)docker pull在哪拉取的镜像？
默认是在hub.docker.com
(2)docker pull tomcat拉取的版本是？
默认是最新的版本，可以在后面指定版本”:”
(3)简单先说一下命令咯
docker pull 拉取镜像到本地
docker run 根据某个镜像创建容器
-d 让容器在后台运行，其实就是一个进程
--name 给容器指定一个名字
-p 将容器的端口映射到宿主机的端口
docker exec -it 进入到某个容器中并交互式运行