SpringMvc-REST
REST 理论基础
RPC ( Remote Procedure Call )
- 语言相关
- Java – RMI(Remote Method Invocation)
- .NET – COM+、
- 语言无关
- SOA
- Web Services
- SOAP(传输介质协议)
- HTTP、SMTP(通讯协议)
- Web Services
- 微服务(MSA)
- REST
- HTML、JSON、XML 等等
- HTTP(通讯协议)
- HTTP 1.1
- 短连接
- Keep-Alive
- 连接池
- Long Polling
- HTTP/2
- 长连接
- HTTP 1.1
- 技术
- Spring 客户端 : RestTemplate
- Spring WebMVC : @RestController =
@Controller
+@ResponseBody
+@RequestBody
- Spring Cloud :
RestTemplate
扩展 +@LoadBalanced
- REST
- SOA
REST(英文)
Cacheability(可缓存性)
@ResponseBody
-> 响应体(Response Body)
- 响应(Response)
- 响应头(Headers)
- 请求方法
- HEAD
- 元信息(Meta-Data)
- Accept-Language ->
Locale
- Connection -> Keep-Alive
- Accept-Language ->
- 实现
多值 Map
MultiValueMap
Key : Value = 1 : N
Name : Value = 1 : N
- 请求方法
- 响应头(Headers)
public class HttpHeaders implements MultiValueMap<String, String>, Serializable {
//存放了许多请求头的元信息
...
}
* 响应体
* 业务信息(Business Data)
* Body:HTTP 实体、REST
* `@ResponseBody`
* `HttpEntity.body` 属性(泛型结构)
* Payload : 消息 JMS、事件、SOAP
public class HttpEntity<T> {
...
private final HttpHeaders headers;
@Nullable
private final T body;
}
HTTP 状态码(org.springframework.http.HttpStatus
)
-
200
org.springframework.http.HttpStatus#OK
- 304
org.springframework.http.HttpStatus#NOT_MODIFIED
- 第一次完整请求,获取响应头(200),直接获取
- 第二次请求,只读取头信息,响应头(304),客户端(流量器)取上次 Body 结果
- 400
org.springframework.http.HttpStatus#BAD_REQUEST
- 404
- 500
Uniform interface(统一接口)
资源定位 – URI
资源操作 – HTTP 动词
GET
@GetMapping
- 注解属性别名和覆盖(github.com/spring-proj…
- Spring Framework 4.2 引入
- Spring Boot 1.3 才可以使用
- Spring Boot 加以发展
- Spring Framework 4.2 引入
- 注解属性别名和覆盖(github.com/spring-proj…
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST) // 注解“派生性”
public @interface PostMapping {
...
@AliasFor(annotation = RequestMapping.class) // 注解别名
String name() default "";
...
}
`@PostMapping` 是注解,`@RequestMapping` 是 `@PostMapping` 的注解:
* `@RequestMapping` 是 `@PostMapping` 的元注解
* `@RequestMapping` 元标注了 `@PostMapping`
`@AliasFor` 只能标注在目标注解的属性,所`annotation()`的注解必须是元注解,该注解 `attribute()` 必须元注解的属性
PUT
@PutMapping
POST
@PostMapping
PATCH
@PatchMapping
- 限制
- Servlet API 没有规定 PATCH
- Spring Web 对其做了扩展
public abstract class FrameworkServlet extends HttpServletBean implements ApplicationContextAware {
...
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpMethod httpMethod = HttpMethod.resolve(request.getMethod());
if (httpMethod == HttpMethod.PATCH || httpMethod == null) {
processRequest(request, response);
}
else {
super.service(request, response);
}
}
...
}
DELETE
@DeleteMapping
自描述消息
注解驱动
@RequestBody
JSON ->
MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
TEXT ->
StringHttpMessageConverter
-
@ResponseBody
JSON ->
MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
TEXT ->
StringHttpMessageConverter
返回值处理类:RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor
接口编程
ResponseEntity
extends HttpEntity
RequestEntity
extends HttpEntity
返回值处理类:HttpEntityMethodProcessor
媒体类型(MediaType
)
org.springframework.http.MediaType#APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE
- “application/json;charset=UTF-8”
HTTP 消息转换器(HttpMessageConverter
)
- application/json
MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
- text/html
StringHttpMessageConverter
代码导读
@EnableWebMvc
- 导入
DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration
(配置 Class)- 注册
WebMvcConfigurer
- 装配各种 Spring MVC 需要的Bean
- 注解驱动扩展点
HandlerMethodArgumentResolver
HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler
@RequestBody
和@ResponseBody
实现类RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor
HttpEntityMethodProcessor
- 注册
实现 WebMvcConfigurer
?
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter
实现
URI 与 URL
U : Uniform
R : Resource
I:鉴别
L : 定位
山东和河南都有一个张三,张三就是URI,具体的河南的张三或者山东的张三就是URL
URI
URI = scheme:[//authority]path[?query][#fragment]
scheme : HTTP、wechat
URL
protocol 协议