django2中上传文件

一、简易版的上传文件

• 1、前端代码

    <form action="/file/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <input type="file" name="file">
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>

• 2、后端代码

    from django.shortcuts import render
    from django.http import HttpResponse
    from django.views import View
    class UploadFileView(View):
        """
        上传文件
        """

        def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            return render(request, 'upload_file.html')

        def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            my_file = request.FILES.get('file')
            with open(my_file.name, 'wb') as fp:
                for chunk in my_file.chunks():
                    fp.write(chunk)
            return HttpResponse('上传成功')

二、结合数据模型来上传文件

上面的方式仅仅是把文件上传到本项目文件夹下,如果要存储到数据库,就要使用数据模型

• 1、创建数据模型

    from django.db import models

    class UploadFileModel(models.Model):
        """
        上传文件的数据模型
        """
        title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='标题')
        # upload_to指定上传的路径
        file = models.FileField(upload_to='files')

        class Meta(object):
            db_table = 'c_file'

• 2、在视图类中使用

    class UploadFileView(View):
        """
        上传文件
        """

        def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            return render(request, 'upload_file.html')

        def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
            title = request.POST.get('title')
            file = request.FILES.get('file')
            models.UploadFileModel.objects.create(title=title, file=file)
            return HttpResponse('上传成功')

• 3、最终在数据库存储的

  

三、配置静态文件

前面既然已经上传成功了,那么前端要显示,就需要配置静态文件路径

• 1、在settings.py中配置媒体的根目录及根路由

    MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
    MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

• 2、配置静态文件路径(项目的根路由中)

    from django.conf import settings
    from django.conf.urls.static import static

    urlpatterns = [
        path('', include('home.urls', namespace='home')),
        ...
        path('file/', include('upload_file.urls', namespace='upload_file'))
    ] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

• 3、在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8000/media/files/22.JPEG

四、其它补充

• 1、限制文件上传类型

    class UploadFileModel(models.Model):
        """
        上传文件的数据模型
        """
        title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='标题')
        file = models.FileField(upload_to='files', validators=[validators.FileExtensionValidator(['gif', 'png', 'jpeg'], message='上传图片格式错误')])

        class Meta(object):
            db_table = 'c_file'

• 2、修改上传文件路径(根据年/月/日来显示)

    ...
    file = models.FileField(upload_to='%Y/%m/%d', validators=[...
    ...

• 3、如果是仅仅是上传图片的话,可以使用下面的

    class UploadFileModel(models.Model):
        """
        上传文件的数据模型
        """
        title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='标题')
        # 需要先安装pillow
        file = models.ImageField(upload_to='%Y/%m/%d')

        class Meta(object):
            db_table = 'c_file'

五、对上传文件重命名

• 1、定义一个通用的方法

    import os
    import time
    import random
    from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage
    from django.conf import settings

    class FileStorage(FileSystemStorage):
        def __init__(self, location=settings.MEDIA_ROOT, base_url=settings.MEDIA_URL):
            super().__init__(location, base_url)

        def _save(self, name, content):
            ext = os.path.splitext(name)[1]
            dir = os.path.dirname(name)
            fn = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')
            fn = '{}_{}'.format(fn, random.randint(0, 100))
            name = os.path.join(dir, '{}{}'.format(fn, ext))
            return super()._save(name, content)

• 2、使用

    class UploadFileModel(models.Model):
        """
        上传文件的数据模型
        """
        title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='标题')
        file = models.FileField(upload_to='%Y/%m/%d', storage=FileStorage())

        class Meta(object):
            db_table = 'c_file'