前一章节介绍了
django中的表单,本章节继续介绍表单,但是本章节是基于数据模型来使用的表单,因为我们也称之为模型表单
一、使用模型表单的主要步骤
- 1、定义数据模型
from django.db import models
from django.core import validators
class ArticleModel(models.Model):
"""
定义文章的数据模型
"""
title = models.CharField(max_length=10, validators=[validators.MinValueValidator(limit_value=3)], verbose_name='标题')
content = models.TextField(verbose_name='内容')
author = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name='作者')
category = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name='分类')
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='修改时间')
class Meta(object):
db_table = 'article'
- 2、在
app下面创建一个forms.py的文件 - 3、在
forms.py文件中使用模型表单
from django import forms
from . import models
class ArticleForms(forms.ModelForm):
"""
文章的form模型
"""
class Meta(object):
model = models.ArticleModel
fields = '__all__'
- 4、视图中使用
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views import View
from django.http import HttpResponse
from . import forms
from . import models
class ArticleView(View):
"""
文章视图
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
form = forms.ArticleForms()
return render(request, 'article.html', context={'form': form})
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
form = forms.ArticleForms(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print('表单校验成功')
title = form.cleaned_data.get('title')
content = form.cleaned_data.get('content')
author = form.cleaned_data.get('author')
category = form.cleaned_data.get('category')
print(title, content, author, category)
return HttpResponse('成功')
else:
print('表单校验失败')
print(form.get_errors())
return HttpResponse('失败')
- 5、前端
html页面
<form action="/book/" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<table>
{{ form.as_table }}
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
二、关于模型表单别的知识点的补充
- 1、如果要使用全部的字段就在
fields中使用__all__
class ArticleForms(forms.ModelForm):
"""
文章的form模型
"""
class Meta(object):
model = models.ArticleModel
fields = '__all__'
- 2、如果是需要显示某些字段的时候
class ArticleForms(forms.ModelForm):
"""
文章的form模型
"""
class Meta(object):
model = models.ArticleModel
fields = ['title', 'content']
- 3、如果模型中字段比较多使用排除的方法
class ArticleForms(forms.ModelForm):
"""
文章的form模型
"""
class Meta(object):
model = models.ArticleModel
# fields = ['title', 'content']
exclude = ['title']
三、关于错误信息的处理
之前是写在每一个字段上,现在没字段可写了
- 1、直接在
forms.py中定义
class ArticleForms(forms.ModelForm):
"""
文章的form模型
"""
class Meta(object):
model = models.ArticleModel
fields = '__all__'
error_messages = {
'title': {
'max_length': 'title字段不能超过10字符',
'required': '请输入标题',
'invalid': '请输入一个有效的标题'
}
}
- 2、可以在
models中给某一个字段添加
from django.core import validators
class ArticleModel(models.Model):
"""
定义文章的数据模型
"""
title = models.CharField(max_length=10, validators=[validators.MinValueValidator(limit_value=3)], verbose_name='标题')
- 3、在
forms.py中定义一个方法
class ArticleForms(forms.ModelForm):
"""
文章的form模型
"""
class Meta(object):
model = models.ArticleModel
fields = '__all__'
def clean_price(self):
"""
自定义价格的校验
:return:
"""
price = self.cleaned_data.get('price')
if price < 0:
raise forms.ValidationError('价格不能不能小于0元')
return price
四、关于表单中save的方法
- 1、直接使用
save保存数据
class ArticleView(View):
"""
文章视图
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
form = forms.ArticleForms()
return render(request, 'article.html', context={'form': form})
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
form = forms.ArticleForms(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print('表单校验成功')
form.save()
return HttpResponse('成功')
else:
print('表单校验失败')
print(form.get_errors())
return HttpResponse('失败')
- 2、当遇到模型中字段与表单中字段不一致的时候
# 模型字段
class UserModel(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='用户名')
password = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='密码')
class Meta(object):
db_table = 'c_user'
# 表单校验的
class RegisterForm(forms.ModelForm):
pwd1 = forms.CharField(max_length=100, min_length=2)
pwd2 = forms.CharField(max_length=100, min_length=2)
def clean(self):
cleaned_data = super().clean()
pwd1 = cleaned_data.get('pwd1')
pwd2 = cleaned_data.get('pwd2')
if pwd1 !=pwd2:
raise forms.ValidationError('两次密码不一致')
return cleaned_data
class Meta(object):
model = models.UserModel
exclude = ['password']
# 视图中使用
class RegisterView(View):
"""
用户注册
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
form = forms.RegisterForm()
return render(request, 'register.html', context={'form': form})
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
form = forms.RegisterForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
user = form.save(commit=False)
user.password = form.cleaned_data.get('pwd1')
user.save()
return HttpResponse('成功')
else:
print(form.get_errors())
return HttpResponse('失败')